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(3)°ê¥ß¥xÆW¤j¾Ç¯b²£¾Ç¨t¡FCorresponding author.
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Evaluation of Pregnancy Diagnosis and Litter Size at Birth
by Plasma Estrone Sulfate Measurement in Pig Herd(1)
¡@
Chii-Ming Tzeng(2)and Jen-Hsou Lin(3)
¡@
Received Nov. 11, 1998 ; Accepted Mar. 17, 2000
ABSTRACT
¡@¡@The purposes of this study were to evaluate the feasibility of pregnancy diagnosis and litter size classification at birth by plasma estrone sulfate ( E1S ) measurement and to provide an aid for farm management in a pig herd. A herd of 91 gilts and sows was used in the study. Blood samples were collected from pigs on Days 22 and 24 after insemination (the first day of insemination was designated as Day 0). Plasms E1S was determined by enzyme immunoassay.
When the E1S level on Day 22 and Day 24 was above 1.8 ng/mL and 2.0 ng/mL, respectively, the sow or gilt was classified as being pregnant. The overall accuracies for pregnancy diagnosis on Day 22 and Day 24 were 91.2% and 95.6%, respectively, based on the records of insemination and farrowing. Therefore, it suggested that the plasma E1S determination appear to be a good indicator for pregnancy diagnosis in the pig. When the classified pregnant gilts/sows were selected to farrow, the farrowing rate increased 20-25% by the estimated of E1S. In addition, the gilt or sow with greater than 2.5 ng/mL and 3.0 ng/mL plasma E1S on Day 22 and Day 24, respectively, was predicted to farrow eight or more piglets. The overall accuracies for the estimated litter size were 81.8% and 84.1% on Day 22 and Day 24, respectively. When the gilts/swos expected to carry eight or more piglets on Day 22 and Day 24 by E1S measurement were selected to farrow, the average litter size at birth increased by 2.8 and 2.5 piglets per female, respectively, than those by the conventional method of observing the estrus return.
The results suggested that the on-farm monitoring of E1S in the gilts and sows had potential value both in pregnancy diagnosis and litter size estimation at birth. Furthermore, it could be used as a method for making culling decisions and, thus, improving the productivity in a pig herd. (Key Words:Sow, Estrone sulfate, Pregnancy diagnosis, Litter size at birth) ¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w
(1)Contribution No. 851 from Taiwan Livestock Research Institute (TLRI), Council of Agriculture.
(2)Department of Animal Physiology, COA-TLRI, Hsinhua, Tainan, Taiwan, R.O.C.
(3)Department of Animal Science, National Taiwan University, Tapei, R.O.C. ; Corresponding author.
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Table 1. Accuracy of pregnancy diagnosis and litter size classification at birth in sows on the bases of their plasma E1S determinations on Day 22 and Day 24 after insemination
| ±Âºë«á ¤é¼Æ Day after insemination |
Ãh¥¥¶EÂ_a(%) Pregnancy diagnosis |
¤À®Y®ÉºÛ¥J¼Æb(%) Litter size birth |
||||
| Ãh¥¥ Pregnancy |
¥¼¥¥ Non-pregnancy |
Á`½T¶E²v Overall |
ºÛ¥J¼Æ¡Ù8 L.S.¡Ù8 |
ºÛ¥J¼Æ¡Õ8c L.S.¡Õ8 |
Á`½T¶E²v Overall |
|
| 22 | 90.9(60/66) | 92.0(23/25) | 91.2(83/91) | 84.6(44/52) | 77.8(28/36) | 81.8(72/88) |
| 24 | 95.3(61/64) | 96.3(26/27) | 95.6(87/91) | 81.7(49/60) | 89.3(25/28) | 84.1(74/88) |
| a ¥À½Þ©ó±Âºë«á22¤é»P24¤é¡A¦p¦å¼ßE1S¿@«×¤À§O¡Ù1.8 ng/mL»P¡Ù2.0 ng/mL®É¡A«hÂkÃþ¬°Ãh¥¥¡F§_«h§Y¬°¥¼¥¥¡C Sows with or greater than 1.8 ng/mL and 2.0ng/mL plasma E1S on day 22 and 24, respectively, were classified pregnant. b ¥À½Þ©ó±Âºë«á22¤é»P24¤é¡A¦p¦å¼ßE1S¿@«×¤À§O¡Ù2.5ng/mL»P¡Ù3.0ng/mL®É¡A«hÂkÃþ¬°¤À®Y®ÉºÛ¥J¼Æ¡Ù8¡F§_«h§Y¬°¤À®Y®ÉºÛ¥J¼Æ¡Õ8¡C Sows with or greater than 2.5 ng/mL and 3.0 ng/mL plasma E1S on Day 22 and 24, respectively, were estimated to Including sows that have no records of farrowing. c ¥]¬A¥¼¦³¤À®Y°O¿ý¤§¥À½Þ¡C Including sows that have no records of farrowing. |
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¡@¡@¥»¬ã¨s¥t¤@¥Øªº¡A§Y¦b¥À½Þ°tºØ¦´ÁÀ³¥ÎE1S¿@«×¹w¦ô¨ä¤À®Y®ÉºÛ¥J¼Æ¡AڤΦ´£¨Ñ§@¬°²^¨O¥Í´Þ®Ä²v¤£¨}¥À½Þ¤§°Ñ¦Ò¡C¦b¥À½ÞDay 22 ©Î24®É¡A¤À§O¿ï©wE1S¿@«×¬°2.5 ng/mL©Î3.0 ng/mL ¨Ñ§@¤À®Y®ÉºÛ¥J¼Æ¡Ù8»P¡Õ8ªº§PŪ¼Ð·Ç¡A¨äÁ`½T¶E²v¤À§O¬°81.8%»P84.1%(ªí¢°)¡C»~¶Eì¦]¤§¤@¥i¯à¦bÃhºÛ¥J¼Æ¡Ù8»P¡Õ8¨â²Õªº¥À½ÞE1S¿@«×¶¡¡Aµo¥Í³¡¥÷«Å|²{¶H©ÒP¡C¥t¤@ºØ¦]¯À¥i¯à¬°¡AÓ§O¥À½Þ¦Û¨äµo±¡¦Ü±Æ§Z¤§´Á¶¡¤£¦P¡A©Î¨ä©ÒÃh¤§Fµo¨|³t²v¤£¦P©Ò³y¦¨ªºª[²§¡C¦]¦¹¡A¥À½Þªº¥¿½TÃh¥¥®É¶¡¥²¶·¥ý¤©½T©w¡A«h¦b¨äE1S¿@«×»P¤À®Y®ÉºÛ¥J¼Æ¶¡ªºÃö«Y©l¯à¸û¬°¦³®Ä«Ø¥ß¡C¦AªÌ¡A¥»¸ÕÅç¨ÑE1S´ú©wªº¦å¼Ë«Y¦b°tºØ«á22¤é»P24¤é±Ä¶°¡A¦Ó¬ù¦³10%ªºÁ`F¼Æ«h¦b¥À½ÞÃh¥¥30¤é¦Ü¤À®Y¤§´Á¶¡¤º¦º¤`³à¥¢(Perry and Rowlands, 1962¡FWrathall, 1971)¡F¦¹¥ç¬°³y¦¨»~¶Eªº¤@ºØ«n¦]¯À¡C¦¹¥~¡A¥Ñ©ó¥À½Þ¦bÃh¥¥¦´Á¶¥¬q¤§¦å¼ß¤¤§t¦³¸û°ª¿@«×¤§¸²µå¿}úB»Ä»Û¯Àà¬(estrone glucuronide¡FE1G) (Robertson et al., 1985)¡A¨ä³¡¥÷E1G§Y¥i¯à»PE1S¦@¦PÄvª§E1S§ÜÅé¦Ó²£¥Í¥æ¤e¤ÏÀ³¡Aµ²ªG³y¦¨¶§©Ê»~¶E¡C

¹Ï¢°. ¥À½Þ©ó¤À®Y®É¨Ì¨ä¨CºÛ¥J½Þ¼Æ¤À²Õ¤§¦å¼ß²¸»Ä»Û¯Àି@«×(ng/mL , mean±s.e.m.)¶¡ªº®t²§¡C( )¤º¼Æ¦r¬°¤À²Õ¥À½ÞÀY¼Æ¡Ca,b ²Õ¶¡µL¬Û¦P¦r¥ÀªÌªí¥Ü®t²§ÅãµÛ(P < 0.05)¡C
Fig 1. Differences in plasma estrone sulfate concentrations (ng/mL, mean±s.e.m.)determined on Day 22 and 24 after insemination in sows grouped by litter size at birth. Number in the parenthesis is indicated by the number of sows determined a,b means bar with different letters are different significantly (P< 0.05).¡@¡@
¡@¡@¥»¸ÕÅ窺³Ì²×¥Øªº¡A¬°À³¥Î¥À½Þ¦å¼ß¤¤E1S¿@«×¹ê»Ú¶i¦æ¨O¯d¥À½Þ¡C¦]¦¹¡A¦p¯à¥Ñ¥À½Þ¦å¼ßE1S¿@«×¤§°ª§C¡A°Ï§O§t¡¨·¥¤p¡¨»P¡¨¤j¡¨ºÛ¥J¼Æ¡A«h¦b¹ê¥Î°ò¦¤W¸û¬°²z·Q¡C¾Ú¬d¥xÆW¬Ù¯b²£¸ÕÅç©Ò¦b1996¦~´Á¶¡¡A¸Ó¯bªª³õªº¥xÆW¶Â½Þ«~¨t13¥@¥N¥À½Þ¤§¥§¡¤À®Y®ÉºÛ¥J¼Æ¬°9.7±2.1ÀY(À¹µ¥¡A1996)¡C¦]¦¹¡A¥»¸ÕÅç¤D¥t¨Ì¥À½Þ©ó¤À®Y®ÉºÛ¥J¼Æ¤À¦¨4-7¡B8-9¡B10-11»P12-16¥|²Õ¡A¤À§O¥Nªí·¥¤p¡B¤p¡B¤j»P·¥¤jºÛ¥J¼Æ¥|Ó²Õ§O¡A¨Ã±Ä¥Î¯Ã°Ò-¬_º¸´úÅçªk¤ñ¸û¦U²Õ¶¡¥§¡E1S¿@«×(ng/mL,mean ± s.e.m.)ªº®t²§¡C¦p¹Ï¢°©Ò¥Ü¡A¥À½Þ¤À®Y·¥¤jºÛ¥J¼Æ¤§¥§¡¦å¼ßE1S¿@«×¡AµL½×¦bDay 22(4.58±0.50 vs 2.83±0.26 ng/mL, P< 0.05)©ÎDay 24(7.85±0.86 vs 4.89±0.51 ng/mL, P<0.05)§¡¤À§O°ª©ó¤À®Y·¥¤pºÛ¥J¼ÆªÌ¡CµM¦Ó¡A¥À½Þ©ó¤À®Y·¥¤pºÛ¥J¼Æ¤§¥§¡¦å¼ßE1S¿@«×¶¡¡AµL½×¦bDay 22 ©ÎDay 24¡A«h¥¼§e®t²§(P>0.05)¡C¥Ñ©óE1S¿@«×¦bÃh¥¥¥À½Þ¸s¤¤«Y§e³sÄò©ÊÅܲ§§Î¦¡¤½§G¡A¦]¦¹¡AÀ³¥Î¦å¼ßE1S¿@«×¶i¦æ²^¨OÃh·¥¤pºÛ¥J¼Æªº¥À½Þ¤§¦P®É¡A¦]²Õ§O¶¡ªºE1S¿@«×¦³³¡¥÷«Å|¡A¦Ó¥i¯à²^¨O¤p³¡¥÷Ãh¦³¤p©Î¤jºÛ¥J¼Æ¤§¥À½Þ¡F¤£¹L¡A¹ï©ó¥¼¥¥¥À½Þ«h´X¥G¥i¥H¥þ³¡²^¨O¡C¥Ñ¦¹´£¥ÜÀ³¥ÎE1S¿@«×°»´úªk¶i¦æ²^¨OÃh¦³·¥¤pºÛ¥J¼Æ¤§Ó§O¥À½Þ®É¡A¥i¯àµo¥Í¦³¨ÇµL¥iÁ×§Kªº®t¿ù¡CÁöµM¦p¦¹¡A¦pªG±N62ÀY¥À½Þ¨Ì¨ä¤À®Y®ÉºÛ¥J¼Æ¤À¦¨¡Ù8»P¡Õ8¨â²Õ¡A±Ä¥Î³Ì¤pÅãµÛ®t²§´ú¸Õªk(LSD)¡A«h¨â²Õ¥§¡E1S¿@«×¶¡µL½×¦bDay 22 (4.13±0.23 vs 2.83±0.26 ng/mL, P<0.05)©ÎDay 24 (7.17±0.45 vs 4.89 ± 0.51 mg/mL,P<0.05)§¡§eÅãµÛ®t²§¡C¥»¸ÕÅç¦p¨Ì¶Ç²Î¤è¦¡«h»{¬°¸g±Âºë¦Ó¥¼«ì´_µo±¡ªº¥þ³¡88ÀY¥À½Þ§¡¯à§¹¦¨¤À®Y¡A¨Æ¹ê¤W¶È¦³62ÀY¥À½Þ¦@p¤À®Y613ÀY¥J½Þ¡A«h¨ä¥§¡¦³®Äªº¤À®Y®ÉºÛ¥J¼Æ¶È¬°7.0(613/88)ÀY¡C¤£¹L¡AÕ¦p¨ÌDay 22©ÎDay 24ªºE1S¿@«×§PŪ¼Ð·Ç§@°ò¦¡A¤À§O¿ï¯d59.1%(52/88)©Î68.2%(60/88)¸g§P©wÃhºÛ¥J¼Æ¡Ù8¤§¥À½Þ¡A«h¥§¡¤À®Y®ÉºÛ¥J¼Æ¬°9.8ÀY©Î9.5ÀY¡A¥i´£°ª¨CºÛ²£¥J¼Æ¤À§O¬°2.8©Î2.5ÀY¡C
¡@¡@ºî«e©Òz¡A¥Ñ¥»¸ÕÅç©Ò«Ø¥ßªº¦å¼ß¤¤E1S¿@«×°»´ú¨t²Î¡A¦b¹ê»ÚÀ³¥Î©óºÊ±±¥À½Þ¦´ÁÃh¥¥¡AÁö¦³µL¥iÁ×§Kªº¯ÊÂI¡F±©¦b¤@¯ëºØ¥À½Þ¸sºÞ²z¤W¡A¤×¨ä·í½Þ»ù§C°g©Î°t¦X¬Fµ¦¥²»Ý²^¨O¥À½Þ®É¡A¥i¤Î¦¨ó§U¥À½Þ¨Ñ¥¿½TÃh¥¥¶EÂ_¤Î¹w¦ô¨ä¤À®Y®ÉºÛ¥J¼Æ¡A¶i¦Ó§@¬°¨M©w¨O¯d¥À½Þªº»²§U¤u¨ã¡A±q¦Ó´£°ªºØ¥À½Þ¸sªº¥Í²£®Ä²v¡C
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´¿±Ò©ú¡C1998¡C·s¥À½Þ¦å¼ß¤¤²¸»Ä»Û¯Àି@«×»P¨äÃh¥¥ª¬ªp¤Î¨CºÛL½Þ¼Æ¤§Ãö«Y¡C¯b²£¬ã¨s31(4)¡G383~392¡C
¡@¡@À¹Á¾¡B§õZ²±¡BÃC©À·O¡B½²ª÷¥Í¡B¬xª÷¤å¡BªL¼w¨|¡B±i¨qÆq¡B³¯¸q¶¯»P³¯©[·Ó¡C1996¡C¥xÆW¶Â½Þ«~¨t»P¦h²£§ù¬¥§J«~¨t¤§¿ï¨|»P¥Ð¶¡¸ÕÅç¡C¥xÆW¬Ù¬F©²¹AªLÆU¯b²£¸ÕÅçµûij©eû·|¤K¤Q¥|¦~«×¸ÕÅç¬ã¨s³ø§i(¨|ºØ²Õ) pp.35~46¡C
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