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        ¥H Bentley 2300 ¨Å¦¨¤À»PÅé²Ó­M¼Æ¦X¨Ö§Ö³t´ú©w»ö¡]Bentley Instruments Inc., Minnesota, U.S.A.¡^´ú©w¡C±Ä©w¶q¨Å¼Ë©ó 40 ¢J ¤ô¯D¼Ñ¥[¼ö¡A²V¦X§¡¤Ã«á´ú©wÅé²Ó­M¼Æ¡B¯×ªÕ¡B³J¥Õ½è»P¨Å¿}§t¶q¡BµL¯×©T§Î¤À¤ÎÁ`©T§Î¤À¡CBentley 2300 ¨äÅé²Ó­M¼Æ¤Î¨Å²Õ¦¨¤À«Y¥HÅé²Ó­M¼Æ¤Î¨Å¦¨¤À¼Ð·Ç¼Ë«~¡]SOMATICAL¡®CAL-EZE, Glengarry Biotech., Canada¡^®Õ·Ç¡C

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        Äqª«½è Ca¡BP ¥H¤Î Na¡BK ¤§¤ÀªR«Y®Ú¾Ú Gaines and West¡]1990¡^¥H¤Î Guardia et al.¡]1986¡^¤§¤èªk´ú©w¤§¡C

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        ¦U¨Å¼Ë¤§¬üÂÅÁÙ­ì¸ÕÅç¤Î¼Ð·Ç¥­¥×°ö¾iªk§¡¨Ì CNS¡]1985¡^Á`¸¹ 3452¡AÃþ¸¹ N6068 ¨Å«~ÀËÅçªk¡]²Óµß¤§ÀËÅç¡^´ú©w¡C

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        ¥»¹êÅç±Ä±_¦¡½Æ¦]¤l³]­p¡]nested factorial design¡^¡]Hick, 1993¡^¡A¤£¦P©u¸`»P¹T¹A¤á¹ï¦U¤ÀªR­È¤§¼vÅT¬° 3¡Ñ13 ½Æ¦]¤l³]­p¡A¥H¤£¦P©u¸`¡]·x¡B®L¡B¥V©u¡^¬°¦]¤l¤@¡A¤£¦P¹T¹A¤á¬°¦]¤l¤G¡F¦U©u¸`»P¨ä²[»\¤ë¤À¶¡¬°±_¦¡³]­p¡C¦U´ú©w­È§Q¥Î SAS ²Î­p®M¸Ë³nÅé²Î­p¡]1988¡^¶i¦æ¸ê®Æ¤ÀªR¡A¨Ã¥H¤@¯ë½u©Ê¼Ò¦¡µ{¦¡¡]GLM procedure¡^¶i¦æ¤£¦P©u¸`¶¡¤§®t²§©ÊÀË©w¡A³Ì«á¥H Least significant difference test¡]LSD¡^¤ñ¸û¦U¥­§¡­È¤§®t²§ÅãµÛ©Ê¡C²Î­p¼Ò¦¡¡]model¡^¦p¤U¡G

        Yijk¡×£g¡ÏSi¡ÏFj¡Ï¡]S¡ÑF¡^ij¡ÏS¡]M¡^ik¡Ï£`ijk

        ¨ä¤¤ Yijk ªí²Ä i ©u¡A²Ä j ¤á¹T¹A¡A©ó k ¤ë¶¡©Ò²£¥Í¨Å¤§´ú©w­È¡F£g ¬°Á`¥­§¡­È¡FSi ªí¤£¦P©u¸`¤§©T©w®ÄÀ³¡FFj ªí¤£¦P¨Å¼Ë¨Ó·½¡]¹A¤á¡^¤§©T©w®ÄÀ³¡F¡]S¡ÑF¡^ijªí²Ä i ©u»P²Ä j ¤á¹T¹A¶¡¤§¥æ·P§@¥Î¡]interaction¡^¡FS¡]M¡^ik ªí±_¦¡³]­p¤¤¤£¦P¤ë¤À¤§©T©w®ÄÀ³¡F£`ijk ¬°¸ÕÅç»~®t¡C

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        ±N¨Å¼Ë¥H¨äÅé²Ó­M¼Æ§t¶q°ª§C°Ï¤À¬° 5 ²Õ¡Aµ²ªG¥Ü©óªí 1¡C·x©uÅé²Ó­M¼Æ 20 ¸U¥H¤U¡B20¡ã50 ¸U¡B50¡ã80 ¸U¡B80¡ã100 ¸U¥H¤Î 100 ¸U cells/ml ¥H¤WªÌ¤À§O¦û·x©uÁ`¼Ë«~¼Æ¡]n¡×156¡^¤§ 11.54¡B39.10¡B38.46¡B9.62 ¥H¤Î 1.28%¡A¥i¨£¦¹»Úªc¨Å¤û¸sÅé²Ó­M¼Æ¸û¦h¶°¤¤©ó 20¡ã80 ¸U¤§°Ï¶¡½d³ò¤º¡A¦Ó®L©u¡B¥V©u¤Î¥þ¦~¤§Åé²Ó­M¼Æ¤À¥¬«h§óÁͦV¶°¤¤©ó 20¡ã50 ¸U°Ï¶¡½d³ò¡A»P Schukken et al.¡]1992a¡^©Ò­zÁ`¨ÅÅé²Ó­M¼Æ¬O§e²{¤@±`ºA¤À¥¬¤§±¡§ÎÃþ¦ü¡C·x¡B®L¡B¥V¤T©u¤Î¥þ¦~Åé²Ó­M¼Æ¤¶©ó 20¡ã50 ¸U cells/ml ªÌ¦û¥þ³¡¼Ë«~¼Æ¤§¤ñ²v¤À§O¬° 39.10¡B51.70¡B68.53 ¤Î 52.71%¡A¥ç»P Schukken et al. ¡]1992b¡^»{¬°Åé²Ó­M¼Æ´î¤Ö¤§­«ÂIÀ³®y¸¨©ó 30¡ã59.9 ¸U cells/ml °Ï¶¡½d³ò¤ºªº¬Ýªk¤@­P¡C¥Ñ©ó¥»¬ã¨sµo²{¥þ¦~¤ºÅé²Ó­M¼Æ°ª©ó 100 ¸U cells/ml ¤§¼Ë«~¼Æ¶È 8 ­Ó¡A¥B¥V©u¥¼¦³µo¥Í¡A¦Ò¼{¥i¯à¦]¼Ë«~¼Æ¤Ó¤Ö¦Ó­P¼Æ¾Ú¤í¯Ê¥Nªí©Ê¡A¬G©ó¤U­z±´°QÅé²Ó­M¼Æ»P¨Å«~½è¶¡Ãö«Y®É¶È´NÅé²Ó­M¼Æ 20 ¸U¥H¤U¡B20¡ã50 ¸U¡B50¡ã80 ¸U¤Î 80¡ã100 ¸U cells/ml µ¥ 4 ­Ó°Ï¶¡¤©¥H¤ñ¸û°Q½×¡C

ªí 1.¡@¤T©u¤Î¥þ¦~¤¤¦UÅé²Ó­M¼Æ°Ï¶¡¼Ë«~¼Æ¦ûÁ`¼Ë«~¼Æ¤§¤ñ²v
Table 1. The number and percentage of milk samples collected from various somatic cell count categories milk samples in warm, hot, cool season and whole year
¡@ Åé²Ó­M¼Æ  Somatic cell count¡]¡Ñ104 cells/ml¡^
¡Õ20 20¡ã50 50¡ã80 80¡ã100 ¡Ö100
·x          ©u

Warm seasonA

n¡×18

11.54¢H

n¡×61

39.10¢H

n¡×60

38.46¢H

n¡×15

9.62¢H

n¡×2

1.28¢H

®L          ©u

Hot seasonB

n¡×35

24.47¢H

n¡×74

51.70¢H

n¡×25

17.48¢H

n¡×3

2.10¢H

n¡×6

4.20¢H

¥V          ©u

Cool seasonC

n¡×27

18.88¢H

n¡×98

68.53¢H

n¡×15

10.49¢H

n¡×3

2.10¢H

n¡×0

0.00¢H

¥þ          ¦~

Whole yearD

n¡×80

18.10¢H

n¡×233

52.71¢H

n¡×100

22.62¢H

n¡×21

4.75¢H

n¡×8

1.82¢H

A ·x©u¡]4, 5, 10, 11 ¤ë¡^¡CWarm season¡]Apr., May, Oct. and Nov.¡^
B ®L©u¡]6, 7, 8, 9 ¤ë¡^¡C Hot season¡]Jun., Jul., Aug. and Sep.¡^
C ¥V©u¡]12, 1, 2, 3 ¤ë¡^¡C Cool season¡]Dec., Jan., Feb. and Mar.¡^
D ¥þ¦~¡]1¡ã12 ¤ë¡^¡C The whole year values from Jan. to Dec.
n ¼Ë«~¼Æ¡CSample numbers.

¤@.¥Í¤û¨Å¤¤Åé²Ó­M¼Æ»P¨Å²Õ¦¨¤À¶¡¤§Ãö«Y

        ¦b¯×ªÕ¤è­±¡AÅé²Ó­M¼Æ»P¤§¬°§C¬ÛÃö¡]ªí 2¡^¡A¦¹µ²ªG»P Ng-Kwai-Hang et al. ¡]1984¡^¤§µ²ªG¬Û¦P¡C±N©Ò±oÅé²Ó­M¼Æ°Ï¤À¬° 20 ¸U¥H¤U¡B20¡ã50 ¸U¡B50¡ã80 ¸U¤Î 80¡ã100 ¸U cells/ml µ¥ 4 ²Õ¡]ªí 3¡^¡A¥H¥þ¦~¦Ó½×¡A¯×ªÕ¦ü¦³ÀHÅé²Ó­M¼Æ¤§¼W¥[¦Ó§e¥ý¼W¥[¦A´î¤Ö¤§ÁͶաA±©®t²§§¡¤£ÅãµÛ¡A¦¹²{¶H¥ç»P§õ¡]1986¡^´N¤û¸s²V¦X¨Å¤ÎÁ`¨Å¤§´ú©wµ²ªG¬Û¦P¡C

        ¯×ªÕ¤§©Ò¥H´î¤Ö¡A¤@¯ë»{¬°«Y¥Ñ¨Å¸¢¤W¥Ö²Ó­M¨ü·l¶Ë¡A¦]¦Ó­°§C¨ä¦X¦¨¯à¤O©Ò­P¡]§õ¡A1986¡^¡AµM¦Ó«DÃö¨Å©Ðª¢·P¬V¤Î¾÷±ñ©Ê·l¶Ë©Òµo¥Í¤§Åé²Ó­M¼Æ§t¶qÅܤƻP¯×ªÕ§t¶q¬°¦ó¡A«h­È±o¥[¥H§ó¶i¤@¨Bªº±´°Q¡C

        ¤£½×·x¡B®L¡B¥V©u¡A³J¥Õ½è§t¶q»PÅé²Ó­M¼Æ¤§¶¡§¡¬°§C«×¥¿¬ÛÃö¡]ªí 2¡^¡ANg-Kwai-Hang et al.¡]1984¡^¥ç´¿µo²{¨âªÌ¦³¦P®É¼W¥[ªº±¡§Î¡C¥»¬ã¨sµ²ªG¥Ñªí 3 Åã¥Ü¡A¦b¥þ¦~·íÅé²Ó­M¼Æ¼W¬° 80¡ã100 ¸U cells/ml ®É¡A¨ä³J¥Õ½è§t¶q¤Ï¦Ó¦³ÅãµÛ´î¤Ö¡]P¡Õ0.05¡^±¡§Î¡C¾É­P¦¹µ²ªG©Î«Y¥Ñ©óÅé²Ó­M¼Æ¼W¥[®É¡A¤û¨Å³J¥Õ½è¤§¨Å²M³J¥Õ½è¼W¥[¡A¦Ó¹T³J¥Õ§t¶q´î¤Ö¡A¦]¦¹Á`³J¥Õ½è§t¶q¥i¯à¼W¥[¡]Ng-Kwai-Hang, 1982¡^¡A©Î´î¤Ö¡]Fisher and Reid, 1983¡^¡A©ÎÅܤƤ£¤j¡]Mitchell et al., 1986¡^¡C

        Åé²Ó­M¼Æ»P¨Å¿}§t¶q¬°­t¬ÛÃö¡]ªí 2¡^¡A¦¹±¡§Î©ó¥þ¦~´Á¤×¬°©úÅã¡]P¡Õ0.05¡^¡A¦¹»P Rogers et al.¡]1989b¡^¤Î Schukken et al.¡]1992a¡^©ÒÀò¤§µ²½×¤@­P¡CÁ`¨Å¤¤¨Å¿}§t¶q¤§´î¤Ö¡A¦b·x¡B®L¡B¥V©u¤Î¥þ¦~¤§®t²§§¡¤£ÅãµÛ¡]ªí 3¡^¡CBennet ¡]1987¡^¥H¬°Á`¨ÅÅé²Ó­M¼Æ¬O¥Í¨Å«~½è¤Îªª³õ¤¤¨Å©Ðª¢µo¥Íª¬ªp¤§¤@¦³®Ä¶q«×¡A¤S Packard and Ginn¡]1991¡^´£¥X¦b§PÂ_ªª³õ¤¤¨Å©Ðª¢µo¥Íª¬ªp®É¡A¨Å¿}§t¶q¬°¤@¶µ·¥¦³¤Oªº«ü¼Ð¡A¥»¬ã¨s¨Ã¥¼¦LÃÒ¦¹¤@»¡ªk¡A»P Natzke et al.¡]1965¡^¡FEberhart et al.¡]1982¡^©Ò¨¥Á`¨ÅÅé²Ó­M¼Æ¥u¯à·¥¦³­­¦aÅã¥Ü¨Å©Ð¨ü·P¬V¤§µ{«×ªº½×ÂI¬Û¦ü¡A¦¹©Î¬°¦U¨Å¼Ë²V¦X¤§¥­§¡®ÄÀ³©Ò­P¡C

        Åé²Ó­M¼Æ»PÁ`©T§Î¤À¤§¶¡¬°§C«×­t¬ÛÃö¡]ªí 2¡^¡A¥»¬ã¨sµ²ªGÅã¥Ü¦b¤£¦PÅé²Ó­M¼Æ°Ï¶¡¤U¡AÁ`©T§Î¤À¤§´î¤Ö©ó¥V©u¸û¬°©úÅã¡A¦Ó·x¡B®L©u«h®t²§¤£ÅãµÛ¡]ªí 3¡^¡CRogers and Mitchell et al.¡]1989a¡^»{¬°Á`©T§Î¤À§t¶q¤§´î¤Ö¡A¥D­n¨Ó¦Û©ó³J¥Õ½è¤Î¨Å¿}¿@«×¤§­°§C¡A¦b¥»¬ã¨s¤¤¶È°¸¦ÓÅã¥Ü¥XÃþ¦ü¶É¦V¡C

ªí 2.¡@Á`¨ÅÅé²Ó­M¼Æ»P¨Å²Õ¦¨¤À¤§¬ÛÃö
Table 2. The correlation between somatic cell count and milk components in bulk milk
¡@ ¯×ªÕFat ³J¥Õ½èProtein ¨Å¿}Lactose Á`©T§Î¤ÀTotal solids «D¯×ªÕ¨Å©T§Î¤ÀSolids-not-fat

Åé²Ó­M¼Æ

Somatic cell

count

¡@

0.081A

¡Ð0.034B

¡Ð0.046C

¡Ð0.055D

0.001

0.136

0.029

0.049

¡Ð0.115

¡Ð0.059

¡Ð0.065

¡Ð0.113*

¡Ð0.042

0.061

¡Ð0.088

¡Ð0.097

¡Ð0.147

0.097

¡Ð0.018

¡Ð0.078

A,B,C,D ¼Ð¥Ü¤§»¡©ú¦pªí 1¡A¥|¶¥¬q¤§¼Ë«~¼Æ«h¤À§O¬° 156¡B143¡B143 ¤Î 442¡C
            Those were expressed the same as table 1, and the sample numbers were 156, 143, 143 and 442, respectively.
* ÅãµÛ¤ô·Ç¬° 5%¡CSignificant at 5% level.

¡@

ªí 3.¡@Åé²Ó­M¼Æ¹ïÁ`¨Å¨Å²Õ¦¨¤À¤§¼vÅT
Table 3. The effect of somatic cell count on yield and milk components in bulk milk
¡@ Åé²Ó­M¼Æ Somatic cell count¡]¡Ñ104 cells/ml¡^
¡Õ20 20¡ã50 50¡ã80 80¡ã100
¯×        ªÕ

Fat

¡]¢H¡^

3.414A

3.505Ba

3.641Ca

3.559Da

3.468a

3.572a

3.646a

3.577a

3.435a

3.558a

3.549a

3.492a

3.473a

3.610a

¡Ðc

3.473a

³J  ¥Õ  ½è

Protein

¡]¢H¡^

3.172a

3.278a

3.252a

3.252ab

3.297a

3.270a

3.344a

3.313a

3.311a

3.266a

3.240a

3.296a

3.173a

3.260a

¡Ðc

3.174a

¨Å        ¿}

Lactose

¡]¢H¡^

4.544a

4.660a

4.652a

4.640a

4.621a

4.673a

4.674a

4.665a

4.683a

4.678a

4.646a

4.660a

4.555a

4.625a

¡Ðc

4.567a

Á`©T§Î¤À

Total solid

¡]¢H¡^

11.728a

12.086a

12.265a

12.10a

11.947a

12.181a

12.297a

12.18a

12.043a

11.989a

12.045a

12.06ab

11.783a

12.215a

¡Ðc

11.83b

«D¯×ªÕ¨Å©T§Î¤À

Solids-not-fat

¡]¢H¡^

8.513a

8.552a

8.521a

8.508a

8.496a

8.551a

8.641a

8.588a

8.584a

8.434ab

8.504a

8.553a

8.318b

8.345b

¡Ðc

8.337b

A,B,C,D ¼Ð¥Ü¤§»¡©ú¦pªí 2¡CThose were expressed the same as table 2.
    a,b      ¦P¦æ¤£¦P¼Ð¥Üªí¥Ü®t²§ÅãµÛ¡]P¡Õ0.05¡^¡C
            Means in the same row with different superscripts are different significantly (P¡Õ0.05).
    c      ¥¼´ú©w©Î¯Ê¼Ë«~¡CNo detected or sample missing.

        Åé²Ó­M¼Æ»P«D¯×ªÕ¨Å©T§Î¤À¶¡¥ç¬Oºû«ù¤@§C¬ÛÃöªº±¡§Î¡]ªí 2¡^¡C¥H·x¡B®L©u¤Î¥þ¦~Æ[¤§¡A·íÅé²Ó­M¼Æ¦Û 20¡ã50 ¸U¼W¬° 80¡ã100 ¸U cells/ml ®É¡A«D¯×ªÕ¨Å©T§Î¤ÀÅãµÛ´î¤Ö¡]P¡Õ0.05¡^¡]ªí 3¡^¡CMitchell et al.¡]1986¡^µo²{Åé²Ó­M¼Æ 50 ¸U cells/ml ¥H¤W¤Î¥H¤U¤§¨Å¼Ë¡A«D¯×ªÕ¨Å©T§Î¤À§t¶q®t²§ÅãµÛ¡A»P¥»¬ã¨sµ²ªGÃþ¦ü¡C

¤G.¥Í¤û¨Å¤¤Åé²Ó­M¼Æ»P²z¤Æ¾Ç©Ê½è¤§Ãö«Y

        Åé²Ó­M¼Æ©ó·x¡B®L¡B¥V¤Î¥þ¦~»P¤ñ­«¤§¬ÛÃö«Y¼Æ¤À§O¬° ¡Ð0.073¡B0.051¡B0.121 ¥H¤Î ¡Ð0.064¡]ªí 4¡^¡C¤û¨Å¤§¤ñ­«©ö¬°¦U¨Å¦¨¤À§t¶q°ª§C©Ò¼vÅT¡A·íÅé²Ó­M¼Æ¼W¥[®É¡AÁ`©T§Î¤À¤Î«D¯×ªÕ¨Å©T§Î¤À§t¶q§e´î¤ÖÁͶաA¦]¦¹¤ñ­«¥ç­°§C¡]ªí 5¡^¡A±©®t²§¨Ã¤£ÅãµÛ¡C

ªí 4.¡@Á`¨ÅÅé²Ó­M¼Æ»P²z¤Æ¾Ç©Ê½è¤§¬ÛÃö
Table 4. The correlation between somatic cell count and physicochemical properties in bulk milk
¡@ ¤ñ        ­«¡]Specific gravity¡^ »Ä        «×¡]Acidity¡^

Åé²Ó­M¼Æ

Somatic

cell count

¡Ð0.073A

0.051B

0.121C

¡Ð0.064D

¡Ð0.006

¡Ð0.054

¡Ð0.021

¡Ð0.119

A,B,C,D ¼Ð¥Ü¤§»¡©ú¦pªí 2¡CThose were expressed the same as table 2.

¡@

ªí 5.¡@Åé²Ó­M¼Æ¹ïÁ`¨Å²z¤Æ¾Ç©Ê½è¤§¼vÅT
Table 5. The effect of somatic cell count on physicochemical properties in bulk milk
¡@ Åé²Ó­M¼Æ Somatic cell count¡]¡Ñ104 cells/ml¡^
¡Õ20 20¡ã50 50¡ã80 80¡ã100
¤ñ  ­«

Specific

gravity

1.0308Aa

1.0390Ba

1.0312Ca

1.0350Da

1.0304a

1.0311a

1.0312a

1.0311a

1.0308a

1.0311a

1.0312a

1.0310a

1.0300a

1.0311a

¡Ðc

1.0301a

»Ä  «×

Acidity

¡]¢H¡^

0.141a

0.150a

0.154a

0.150a

0.141a

0.152a

0.148a

0.148a

0.140a

0.152a

1.154a

1.147a

0.138a

0.152a

¡Ðc

0.139b

A,B,C,D ¼Ð¥Ü¤§»¡©ú¦pªí 2¡CThose were expressed the same as table 2.
    a,b      ¦P¦æ¤£¦P¼Ð¥Üªí¥Ü®t²§ÅãµÛ¡]P¡Õ0.05¡^¡C
            Means in the same row with different superscripts are different significantly (P¡Õ0.05).
     c     ¥¼´ú©w©Î¯Ê¼Ë«~¡CNo detected or sample missing.

        ¤û¨Å¤§¦ÛµM»Ä«×«Y¥ÑÁC»ÄÆQ¡B³J¥Õ½è¡B¤G®ñ¤ÆºÒ¤ÎÂfÂc»Ä¦Ó¨Ó¡]±i¡A1991¡^¡CÅé²Ó­M¼Æ»Pºw©w»Ä«×¤§¶¡§e²{§C­t¬ÛÃö¡]ªí 4¡^¡A±©¦b¥þ¦~¡A¦¹»Ä«×¤§­°§C¥HÅé²Ó­M¼Æ 80¡ã100 ¸U cells/ml ¬°³Ì¡]P¡Õ0.05¡^¡]ªí 5¡^¡A¦¹µ²ªG¤À§O»PªL»P§õ¡]1986¡^¡B§õ»P³¯¡]1991¡^¡BAshworth et al.¡]1967¡^¡BHaenlein et al.¡]1973¡^µ¥¤§µ²½×¬Û¦P¡C

¤T.¥Í¤û¨ÅÅé²Ó­M¼Æ»PÄqª«½è§t¶q¤§Ãö«Y

        ¤û¨Å¤§Äqª«½è§t¶q¡A¤@¯ë¥H¦Ç¤À¨Óªí¥Ü¡CÅé²Ó­M¼Æ¼W¥[®É¡A¦Ç¤À¥çÀH¤§¼W¥[¡A¨âªÌ¬°ÅãµÛ¥¿¬ÛÃö¡]ªí 6¡^¡C¤£½×·x¡B®L¡B¥V©u¡AÅé²Ó­M¼Æ¥Ñ 20 ¸U¥H¤U¼W¬° 100 ¸U cells/ml ®É¡A¦Ç¤À§¡§e²{¼W¥[¤§±¡§Î¡]ªí 7¡^¡C

ªí 6.¡@Á`¨ÅÅé²Ó­M¼Æ»P¦Ç¤À¡B¶t¡BÁC¡B¶u¡B¹[§t¶q¶¡¤§¬ÛÃö
Table 6. The correlation between somatic cell count and ash, calcium, phosphorus, sodium and potassium in bulk milk
¡@ ¦Ç   ¤À Ash ¶t Calcium ÁC Phosphorus ¶u Sodium ¹[ Potassium
Åé²Ó­M¼Æ

Somatic

cell count

0.163A

0.316B*

0.366C**

0.219D**

0.232*

0.064

0.037

0.052

0.156*

0.117

0.103

0.106

0.232*

0.089

0.147*

0.171**

0.132

¡Ð0.041

¡Ð0.059

0.065

A,B,C,D ¼Ð¥Ü¤§»¡©ú¦pªí 2¡CThose were expressed the same as table 2.
¡@*     ÅãµÛ¤ô·Ç¬° 5%¡CSignificant at 5% level.
    **    ÅãµÛ¤ô·Ç¬° 1%¡CSignificant at 1% level.

¡@

ªí 7.¡@Åé²Ó­M¼Æ¹ïÁ`¨Å¦Ç¤À¤Î¶t¡BÁC¡B¶u¡B¹[§t¶q¤§¼vÅT
Table 7. The effect of somatic cell count on ash content and concentration of calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium in bulk milk
¡@ Åé²Ó­M¼Æ Somatic cell count¡]¡Ñ104 cells/ml¡^
¡Õ20 20¡ã50 50¡ã80 80¡ã100
¦Ç    ¤À

Ash

¡]¢H¡^

0.728Aa

0.738Ba

0.737Ca

0.738Da

0.729a

0.736a

0.737a

0.734a

0.738ab

0.745ab

0.746a

0.749ab

0.756b

0.750b

¡Ðc

0.755b

¶t

Calcium

¡]mg/100 ml milk¡^

93.31a

103.03b

95.88a

101.02a

89.88a

102.03b

103.72a

99.31a

98.85a

102.62b

106.91a

102.60a

99.05a

121.82a

¡Ðc

101.80a

ÁC

Phosphorus

¡]mg/100 ml milk¡^

77.82a

78.06a

76.39a

80.94a

80.68a

75.63a

75.50a

76.65a

79.58a

82.40a

75.35a

78.41a

83.03a

82.32a

¡Ðc

82.77a

¶u

Sodium

¡]mg/100 ml milk¡^

71.28a

66.94a

66.08b

66.60b

76.63a

63.73a

75.36ab

72.12ab

79.23a

70.57a

78.52a

77.00a

73.05a

62.72a

¡Ðc

71.82ab

¹[

Potassium

¡]mg/100 ml milk¡^

139.95a

139.01a

137.37a

137.31a

134.76a

133.90a

126.82a

131.58a

137.43a

137.72a

138.87a

138.50a

144.47a

130.06a

¡Ðc

142.56a

A,B,C,D ¼Ð¥Ü¤§»¡©ú¦pªí 2¡CThose were expressed the same as table 2.
    a,b      ¦P¦æ¤£¦P¼Ð¥Üªí¥Ü®t²§ÅãµÛ¡]P¡Õ0.05¡^¡C
            Means in the same row with different superscripts are different significantly (P¡Õ0.05).
    c      ¥¼´ú©w©Î¯Ê¼Ë«~¡CNo detected or sample missing.

        ¤û¨Å¤§¶t½è¥D­n»P³J¥Õ½è¡A¤×¨ä¬O»P¹T³J¥Õ¬Ûµ²¦X¹ï¹T³J¥Õ·L²y¡]casein micelles¡^¤§ºc¦¨»P³J¥Õ½è¨t²Î¤§¦w©w©Ê¼vÅT·¥¤j¡]Wong et al., 1988¡^¡C¥»¬ã¨s¥çµo²{¶t»P³J¥Õ½è¬°¥¿¬ÛÃö¡]©P»P±¯¡A1997¡^¡CÃö©óÅé²Ó­M¼Æ»P¶t§t¶q¤§Ãö«Y¡A¤@¯ë¦h»{¬°¨âªÌ¬°­t¬ÛÃö¡]Rogers et al., 1989b¡FTallamy and Randolph, 1970¡^¡A¥»¬ã¨s«hµo²{¨âªÌ¬ÛÃö¤£¤j¡]ªí 6¡^¡A¥BÅé²Ó­M¼Æ¸û°ªªÌ¡A¤Ï¦³¸û°ª¶t§t¶q¤§²{¶H¡A±©®t²§¨Ã¤£ÅãµÛ¡]ªí 7¡^¡C¥Ñ©ó¹}³Åܤƹï¤û¨Å¤¤¶t¡BÁC¡B¶u¡B¹[µ¥¥D­nÄqª«½è§t¶q´XµL¼vÅT¡]Tallamy and Randolph, 1970¡^¡A¥Bµo¥Í¦¹²{¶H¤§¼Ë«~¤j¦h¨Ó¦Û¦P¤@®É´Á¡A¬O§_·½¦Û¤û°¦¤£¦Pªc¨Å´Á¤§¼vÅT¡A«h¦³«Ý±´°Q¡C

        ¤û¨Å¤¤¤§ÁC¡A¦h¥H·»¸Ñ©ÊµL¾÷ÁC¡B½¦½èºAµL¾÷ÁC¥H¤Î³J¥Õ½èÁC¤§«¬¦¡¦s¦b¡]±i¡A1991¡^¡C¾Ú Munro et al.¡]1984¡^«ü¥X¡AWMT¡]Wisconsin Mastitis Test¡^¶§©Ê¤ÏÀ³¨Å¼Ë¡AµL¾÷ÁC§t¶q¸û¤Ö¡A¦b¥»¬ã¨s«hµo²{¨Å¤¤ÁC§t¶q»PÅé²Ó­M¼Æ¬°¥¿¬ÛÃö©ÎÃö«Y¤£©úÅã¡]ªí 6¡^¡A¦Ó©ó¤£¦PÅé²Ó­M¼Æ°Ï¶¡¡A¨äÁC§t¶q¤§®t²§¥ç¤£ÅãµÛ¡]ªí 7¡^¡C¦¹¤£¦P³BÀ³¬° Tallamy and Randolph¡]1970¡^«Y¥H¤À©Ð¨Å¶i¦æ¤ÀªR¡A¦Ó¥»¬ã¨s«Y°w¹ïÁ`¨Å¡A­Ó§O¨Å¼Ë³Qµ}ÄÀ©Ò­P¡C

        Åé²Ó­M¼Æ»P¶u§t¶q¬°ÅãµÛ¥¿¬ÛÃö¡]P¡Õ0.05¡^¡]ªí 6¡^¡A»P Fox et al.¡]1985¡^¤§µ²ªG¤@­P¡A¦¹²{¶H©ó¥V©u³Ì¬°©úÅã¡AÅé²Ó­M¼Æ¥Ñ 20 ¸U¥H¤U¼W¬° 50¡ã80 ¸U cells/ml ®É¡A¨Å¤¤¶u§t¶qÅãµÛ¼W¥[¡]P¡Õ0.05¡^¡]ªí 7¡^¡A¦¹»P Rogers and Mitchell¡]1989b¡^µ¥¤§µ²½×¤@­P¡C

        Åé²Ó­M¼Æ»P¹[§t¶q¬°§C«×¬ÛÃö¡]ªí 6¡^¡A¨Ã¦b¤£¦PÅé²Ó­M°Ï¶¡¤U¡A¹[§t¶q¤§Åܤƥ礣©úÅã¡]ªí 7¡^¡A¦¹ÅܤÆÁͶջP Corbellini¡]1984¡^¡BRogers and Mitchell¡]1989b¡^¬ã¨s©óÅé²Ó­M¼Æ§C©ó 80 ¸U cells/ml ªÌ¤§µ²½×¬Û¦P¡C¶u¡B¹[§t¶q¤§ÅܤƫY¥Ñ©ó¨Å¸¢¨ü·P¬V¦Ó­P¨Å¿}¦X¦¨¶q´î¤Ö¡A¦]¨Å¿}»PÄqª«½è¦@¦P½Õ¸`¨Å¥Ä¤§º¯³zÀ£¡A¬°¥­¿Åº¯³zÀ£¤§§ïÅÜ¡A¶uÂ÷¤l§e¸ÉÀv©Ê¼W¥[¡]Schalm, 1977¡^¡A¦Ó¹[Â÷¤l«h§e´î¤ÖÁͶա]Obara and Komatsu, 1984¡^¡A±©¦¹²{¶H©ó¥»¬ã¨s°w¹ïÅé²Ó­M¼Æ¦b 100 ¸U cells/ml ¤§°Ï¶¡½d³ò¤º¡A¹[¤§Åܤƨ䣩úÅã ¡C

¥|.¥Í¤û¨ÅÅé²Ó­M¼Æ»P·L¥Íª«¾Ç«~½è¤§Ãö«Y

        °£¥V©u¥~¡AÅé²Ó­M¼Æ»P¬üÂſƦâ®É¶¡§¡¬°ÅãµÛ­t¬ÛÃö¡]P¡Õ0.01¡^¡]ªí 8¡^¡A¥ç§YÅé²Ó­M¼Æ§t¶q°ªªÌ¨ä¬üÂſƦâ®É¶¡µu¡C¬ã¨sµ²ªGÅã¥Ü¡A¦¹²{¶H©ó¤£¦PÅé²Ó­M¼Æ°Ï¶¡¤U¦U©u§¡¬Æ¤@­P¡A±©¥¼¹F²Î­pÅãµÛ¡]ªí 9¡^¡A»P§õµ¥¡]1988¡^©Ò­z¬üÂſƦâ®É¶¡»PÅé²Ó­M¼Æ¬ÛÃö«D±`§C¤§µ²ªG¦³²§¡A­ì¦]¥i¯à¬°¥»¬ã¨s©Ò±Ä±o¨Å¼ËÅé²Ó­M¼ÆÁͦV§C°Ï¶¡¡A¦Ó§õµ¥¡]1988¡^¤§¼Ë«~Åé²Ó­M¼Æ«hÅܲ§¸û¤j©Ò­P¡]Åé²Ó­M¼Æ¥­§¡­È±¼Ð·Ç°¾®t»PÅܲ§«Y¼Æ¤À§O¬° 424±249¡A58% ¥H¤Î 310±320¡A103%¡^¡C

ªí 8.¡@Á`¨Å·L¥Íª«¾Ç«~½è»PÅé²Ó­M¼Æ¤§¬ÛÃö
Table 8. The correlation between somatic cell count and microbiological quality in bulk milk
¡@ ¬üÂſƦâ®É¶¡ MBRT1 ²Ó     µß     ¼Æ   SPC2

Åé    ²Ó     ­M    ¼Æ

Somatic

cell   count

¡Ð0.281**

¡Ð0.338**

¡Ð0.201

¡Ð0.195**

0.200

0.089

0.013

0.142*

A,B,C,D ¼Ð¥Ü¤§»¡©ú¤Î¦pªí 2¡CThose were expressed the same as table 2.
       1      ¬üÂſƦâ®É¶¡¡CMethylene blue reduction time.
       2     ²Óµß¼Æ¡CStandard plate count.
     *     ÅãµÛ¤ô·Ç¬° 5%¡CSignificant at 5% level.
    **    ÅãµÛ¤ô·Ç¬° 1%¡CSignificant at 1% level.

¡@

ªí 9.¡@Åé²Ó­M¼Æ¹ïÁ`¨Å·L¥Íª««~½è¤§¼vÅT
Table 9. The effect of somatic cell count on microbiological quality in bulk milk
¡@ Åé²Ó­M¼Æ Somatic cell count¡]¡Ñ104 cells/ml¡^
¡Õ20 20¡ã50 50¡ã80 80¡ã100
¬üÂſƦâ®É¶¡

MBRT¡]hr¡^

7.5A

7.2Ba

7.1Ca

7.1Da

7.4a

7.0a

6.9a

7.1a

7.2a

6.5a

5.9a

6.8a

6.9a

6.4a

¡Ðc

6.6a

²Ó      µß       ¼Æ

SPC

¡]¡Ñ103 CFU/ml¡^

63b

137a

58b

86b

162a

177a

79b

145a

178a

180a

190a

237a

263a

181a

¡Ðc

235a

A,B,C,D ¼Ð¥Ü¤§»¡©ú¦pªí 2¡CThose were expressed the same as table 2.
    a,b      ¦P¦æ¤£¦P¼Ð¥Üªí¥Ü®t²§ÅãµÛ¡]P¡Õ0.05¡^¡C
            Means in the same row with different superscripts are different significantly (P¡Õ0.05).
    c     ¥¼´ú©w©Î¯Ê¼Ë«~¡CNo detected or sample missing.

        ¥þ¦~¦Ó½×¡A²Óµß¼Æ»PÅé²Ó­M¼Æ¬°ÅãµÛ¥¿¬ÛÃö¡]P¡Õ0.05¡^¡]ªí 8¡^¡A¦b¤£¦PÅé²Ó­M°Ï¶¡¤U¡A¦U©u¤§²Óµß¼ÆÀHÅé²Ó­M¼Æ¤§­°§C¨ä§t¶q¥ç§¡¦³¸û§C¤§ÁͶաA¦¹µ²ªG»P Eberhart et al. ¡]1982¡^»{¬°Á`Åé²Ó­M¼Æ¥u¯à·¥¦³­­¦aÅã¥Ü¨Å©Ð¨ü·P¬Vªºµ{«×¡A¤Î Hartly et al. ¡]1968¡^»{¬°²Óµß¼Æ«Ü¤Ö»Pªc¨Åª¬ªp§e²{±K¤Á¬ÛÃö¤§µ²ªG¬Û¥é¡C¤@¯ëÁ`¨Å¤§¯f­ìµß¥i¤À¬°¤G¤jÃþ¡A¨ä¤@¬°ª÷¶À¸²µå²yµß¡]Staphylococcus aureus¡^¡BµL¨ÅÃì²yµß¡]Streptococcus agalactiae¡^¥H¤Î¸²µå²yµßÄÝ¡]Staphylococcus species¡^¬°¨Å¸¢©Î¨Å©Ðªí­±¤§±`¾nµß¸s¡C¨ä¤G¬°¨ä¥LÃì²yµß¡]Streptococci¡^¡B¤j¸zµß¤Î¨ä¥L¦U¦¡·L¥Íª«¡A¬°¤û°¦¥ÍªøÀô¹Ò¤¤±`¨£ªº·L¥Íª«±Ú¸s¡]Goldberg et al., 1991¡^¡A¦h¸g¥Ñ¨Å©Ð¤º·P¬V¡B¨Å©Ð¥~ªí¦Ã¬V¤Î·c¨Å¾÷©Î¶J¨Å¼Ñªí­±¦Ã¬V¨Å¥Ä¡C¥Ñ©ó§C·Åµß¦b¨Å©Ðµß¸s¤¤¨Ã¥¼µo²{¡A¨ä¨Ó·½À³¥]¬A¥Í¨Å¥i¯à±µÄ²¤§ªí­±¡BªÅ®ð¡B¤ô¤Î¨ä¥L¥~·½©Ê¨Ó·½¡A¦]¦¹§C·Åµß¤§°»´úÀ³¯à¦³®Äªº¤ÏÀ³ªª³õ·c¨Å«á¤§¥Í¨Åª¬ªp¡C¥Ñªí 9 Åã¥ÜÅé²Ó­M¼Æ¦b 100 ¸U cells/ml ¥H¤U®É¡A¬üÂſƦâ®É¶¡¦üµLªk¦³®Äªº´N¥Í¨Å«~½èÀu¦H¥[¥H°Ï¤À¡A³y¦¨¦¹²{¶H¤§­ì¦]©Î«Y¦p¤W©Ò­z¦]¬°¥Í¨Åµß¬Û¬Æ½ÆÂø¡A¹ï¬üŸÕÅ礧ÁÙ­ì¯à¤O¤£¤@©Ò­P¡A¬G·í¦¹¤§»Ú¬°¦³®Ä¤ÏÀ³¥Í¨Å«~½è®É¡A¬O§_±Ä¦æ²Óµß¼Æ°t¦X§C·Åµß¼Æ¦P®É§@¬°¥Í¨Å·L¥Íª«¾Ç«~½è¤§«ü¼Ð«h­È±o¶i¤@¨B±´¨s¡C

Á¡@»x

        ¥»¬ã¨s©Ó»OÆW°ÏÂøÂ³µo®i°òª÷·|¤Î»OÆW¬Ù¬F©²¹AªLÆU 84-02-001 ¨Å¤û¥Í¨Å«~½èµû©w¤Î§ïµ½­pµe¤ä´©¬ã¨s¸g¶O¡A¯S¦¹»xÁ¡C

°Ñ¦Ò¤åÄm

        ¤¤°ê°ê®a¼Ð·Ç CNS¡C1972¡C¨Å«~ÀËÅçªk¡]»Ä«×¤§ºw©w¡^¡AÁ`¸¹ 3441¡AÃþ¸¹ 6057¡C¸gÀÙ³¡¤¤¥¡¼Ð·Ç§½¡C

        ¤¤°ê°ê®a¼Ð·Ç CNS¡C1972¡C¨Å«~ÀËÅçªk¡]¤ñ­«¤§´ú©w¡^¡AÁ`¸¹ 3442¡AÃþ¸¹ 6058¡C¸gÀÙ³¡¤¤¥¡¼Ð·Ç§½¡C

        ¤¤°ê°ê®a¼Ð·Ç CNS¡C1985¡C¨Å«~ÀËÅçªk¡]²Óµß¤§ÀËÅç¡^¡AÁ`¸¹ 3452¡AÃþ¸¹ 6068¡C¸gÀÙ³¡¤¤¥¡¼Ð·Ç§½¡C

        §õ¯À¬Ã¡C1986¡C¥xÆW¨Å¤û¥Í¨Å¤¤Åé²Ó­M¼Æ»P¨Å¥Ä«~½èÃö«Y¤§¬ã¨s¡CºÓ¤h½×¤å¡A°ê¥ß»OÆW¤j¾Ç¯bªª¾Ç¬ã¨s©Ò¡C

        §õ¯À¬Ã¡B³¯­ZùÙ¡BªL¼y¤å¡C1988¡C¥Í¨Å¬üÂÅÁÙ­ì¸ÕÅ窺±´°Q¡C¤¤¯b·|»x 17(3-4)¡G91¡ã100¡C§õ¯À¬Ã¡C1988¡C¥Í¨Å¤¤Åé²Ó­M¼Æ»P¨Å¥Ä«~½è¤§Ãö«Y¡C¬ì¾Ç¹A·~ 36(3-4)¡G88¡ã92¡C

        §õ¯À¬Ã¡B³¯­ZùÙ¡C1991¡C­L¦¸¡Bªc¨Å´Á»P¨Å©Ê½è¹ï²üÄõ¤û¨Å»Ä«×¤§¼vÅT¡C¤¤¯b·|»x 20(3)¡G369¡ã376¡C

        ªL¼y¤å¡B§õ¯À¬Ã¡C1986¡C¥Í¨Å¤¤Åé²Ó­M¼Æ»P¨Å¥Ä«~½è¤§Ãö«Y¡C¤¤¯b·|»x 5(3-4)¡G51¡ã70¡C

        ±i³Óµ½¡C1991¡C¤û¨Å»P¨Å»s«~¡A¼W­q¤Gª©¡Ap. 90, 123¡Cªøªe¥Xª©ªÀ¡A¥x¥_¡C

        ©PÄ~µo¡B±¯§Ó¥­¡C1997¡C©u¸`§ó´À¹ï¥Í¤û¨ÅÅé²Ó­M¼Æ»P¨Å¥Ä«~½è¤§¼vÅT¡C¤¤¯b·|»x 26(1)¡G87¡ã97¡C

        Ashworth, U. S., T. L. Forster and L. O. Luedecke. 1967. Relationship between California Mastitis Test reaction and composition of milk from opposite quarters. J. Dairy Sci. 50(7)¡G1078¡ã1082.

        Bennet, R. 1987. Milk quality and mastitis: The management connection. Proc. National Mastitis Council. pp. 133¡ã150. Orlando, FL, Feb. 20¡ã23. Cited by Packard, V. S., and R. E. Ginn. 1991. Interrelationships between select quality tests and levels of milk components. Dairy, Food and Environ. Sanit. 11(10)¡G577¡ã581.

        Corbellini, C. N. 1984. The determination of sodium and potassium in milk and its relation with the concentration of somatic cells and its use in the monitoring of subclinical mastitis. in International Dairy Federation Bulletin 177¡G161¡ã169. Quality assurance - Means of promoting efficiency in dairying.

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Relationship between Seasonal Alternation and Low-level Somatic

Cell Counts with the Quality of Raw Cow's Milk

Chi-Fa Chow(1)(2) and Jyh-Ping Hu(1)(3)

Received Apr. 10, 1997; Accepted May 22, 1997

ABSTRACT

        Bulk milk samples taken from 13 dairy farms, which have contracted with Tunghai University Milk Plant during June 1995 through May 1996 , were studied to investigate the effects of seasonal alternation and bulk milk somatic cell counts under 100¡Ñ104 cells/ml on milk quality in raw cow's milk.  The specific gravity, titratable acidity, ash, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, methylene blue reduction time and standard plate counts were investigated, and the contents of milk protein, fat, lactose, total solids, and solids-not-fat were also determined by infrared milk analyzer (Bentley 2300, Bentley Instruments Inc, USA).

        Somatic cell counts in the whole year were positively correlated with ash, concentration of sodium and total bacteria counts (P¡Õ0.05), and negatively correlated with lactose , methylene blue reduction time (P¡Õ0.05), and the
rest were not correlated significantly.

        No matter what time the milk samples were taken, in warm (Apr., May, Oct. and Nov.), hot (Jun., Jul., Aug. and Sep.), cool (Dec., Jan., Feb. and Mar.) season, or in the whole year in this study, the somatic cell counts were usually in the range of 20¡ã50 ¡Ñ104 cells ml.  The percentage of milk samples collected from this somatic cell counts categories in warm, hot, cool season, and in the whole year were 39.10, 51.70, 68.53 and 52.71%, respectively. When compared with the somatic cell counts of ¡Õ20 and 50¡ã80¡Ñ104 cell/ml, there were not significantly differences in milk components content, physico-chemical properties, ash, mineral content or methylene blue reduction time.  However, when compared with the somatic cell counts of 80¡ã100 ¡Ñ104 cells/ml in the whole year, milk with 20¡ã50 ¡Ñ104 cells/ml had significantly highr content in total protein, total solid, solids-not-fat and acidity, but lower ash and total bacteria count (P¡Õ0.05).¡]Key Words¡GSeasonal alternation, Low-level somatic cell count, Milk quality¡^

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(1)Gradute Institute of Animal Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
(2)Corresponding author.
(3)Current address: Central Research Institute, President Enterprises Corp., Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China.

¤¤°ê¯bªª¾Ç·|·|»x ²Ä26¨÷ ²Ä3´Á 359¡ã371, 1997